Which type of fetal heart rate deceleration mirrors contractions and is generally considered benign?

• A. Early decelerations
• B. Late decelerations
• C. Variable decelerations
• D. Prolonged decelerations

Answer: (A)

Early decelerations happen when the fetal heart rate slows in step with a contraction, with the drop beginning at the start of the contraction and recovery by the end. The nadir of the deceleration occurs at the peak of the contraction, creating a mirror-like pattern. This effect is caused by head compression during contractions, which stimulates the vagal nerve and briefly slows the heart rate. Because it reflects normal labor mechanics rather than a problem with placental function or cord occlusion, this pattern is typically benign and usually requires no intervention. In contrast, decelerations that occur after a contraction peaks (late) or have abrupt, irregular dips (variable) point to different issues and may need further evaluation.